Heat-related Illness

Heat Exhaustion

Heat exhaustion occurs when the body reaches a temperature of 101°F or higher, often resulting in weakness and dizziness.

Symptoms may include:

• Dehydration
• Dizziness or fainting
• Fast breathing
• Headache
• Heavy sweating
• Low blood pressure
• Mild, temporary confusion
• Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
• Problems coordinating movement
• Rapid heartbeat
• Weakness or muscle cramps

Unlike heat stroke, heat exhaustion does not typically cause severe brain-related symptoms such as delirium, unconsciousness, or coma.

What to do if you become overheated:

• Stop activity and move to a cooler area
• Elevate legs above heart level
• Remove excess clothing and gear
• Cool the body until rectal temperature reaches 101°F (38.3°C), or until shivering begins if a rectal thermometer is unavailable
• Drink water or a sports drink if alert and not nauseated
• Monitor heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, and mental status

Heat Stroke

Heat stroke is a life-threatening emergency caused by prolonged exposure to high temperatures. Call 911 right away if you suspect it.

Symptoms may include:

• Disorientation, agitation, or confusion
• Hallucinations
• Headache or dizziness
• High body temperature
• Hot, dry, flushed skin without sweating
• Loss of consciousness
• Rapid heartbeat
• Seizure
• Sluggishness or fatigue

Symptoms may resemble other medical conditions. Always consult a healthcare provider for a diagnosis.

What to do:

• Call 911
• While waiting for help to arrive, move the person to a shaded or cool area
• Remove clothing and apply cool water to the skin, followed by fanning
• Apply ice packs to the groin and armpits
• Have the person lie down with feet slightly elevated
• Cool the person rapidly using any available method
• IV fluids may be needed to restore hydration and electrolytes
• Bed rest is recommended; body temperature may fluctuate for weeks after heat stroke